In Japan, the low number of women pursuing science careers has become an issue, and various studies have been conducted on the factors that prevent girls from entering science careers. However, the process by which students make their own career decisions is complex, and this process has not been clarified. In this study, we conducted an online questionnaire survey of 107 male and 108 female high school students nationwide to investigate how high school students decide their career paths. The results revealed that the factors that promote and hinder career decisions differ between male and female students.